Solar charging stations

Regarding charging stations using solar panels, are most stations using

1)Solar panels to directly charge vehicles and have no electricity at night

2)Solar panels to charge batteries and these batteries are used to charge the vehicles. However they now have the risk of batteries dying out hence having no electricity for charging for a period of time during the day.

3)Or are they simply used in conjuction with mains electricity?

In my opinion I see all 3 cases having their benefits and drawbacks but i’m curious to what would be the most feasible and beneficial option both from a financial view point and from a consumer’s view point since the third option is not really utilising solar panels technology fully